An Interview with Jennifer South WWOR-TV free essay sample

This paper discusses network television advertising with reference to an in depth interview with Ms. South,a former sales executive at WWOR-TV UPN 9. The paper examines network television advertising, focusing specifically on United Paramount Network, their guidelines on clearance and affiliate compensation, pricing, block programming, CPMS and Avails. Ms. South explains the differences between front, scattered, and spot buys as well as the definition of the terms: coverage area, day parts, preemption rates and station contract. From the paper: ?The first step in getting your advertisement placed on UPN is garnering clearance for your ad. If your ad isn?t approved by the network it won?t air.?, Ms. South stipulates. ?To avoid expensive editing costs you shouldn?t even make the commercial unless prior approval has been received for the commercial at the script and storyboard level.? During the clearance phase all claims espoused in the commercial must be documented. We will write a custom essay sample on An Interview with Jennifer South WWOR-TV or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation The WritePass Journal

Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation IntroductionBACKGROUND OF MICROSOFTDESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT’ PERFORMANCE OVERTIME  Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2011. (Annually)COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH SP 500 (MARKET) USING T-TESTConclusion:ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPMBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction BACKGROUND OF MICROSOFT Microsoft is the most prominent technology corporation in the world that deals with computers according to posts from big history.net. ’’ With annual revenues of more than $32 billion, Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest software company in the world: it is a cultural phenomenon. The companys core business is based on developing, manufacturing, and licensing software products, including operating systems, server applications, business and consumer applications, and software development tools, as well as Internet software, technologies, and services’’. fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ‘’The name of the famous person – Bill Gates comes in one’s mind with mention of   the name of Microsoft. He is the founder of the company and is believed to be the smartest programmers ever.’’ bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. Led by him, Microsoft had witnessed its heydays and has been able to have its product on almost every personal computer in the world, and in the process creating standards in the technology industry as well as market re-definition. ‘’Gates was first exposed to computers at school in the late 1960s with his friend Paul Allen, the son of two Seattle librarians. By the time Gates was 14; the two friends were writing and testing computer programs for fun and profit. In 1972 they established their first company, Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary computer that recorded and analyzed traffic data. Allen went on to study computer science at the University of Washington and then dropped out to work at Honeywell, while Gates enrolled at Harvard. Inspired in 1975 by an issue of Popular Electronics that showed the new Altair microcomputer kit just released by MITS Computer, Gates and Allen wrote a version of BASIC for the machine. Later that year Gates left college to work full time developing programming languages for the Altair, and he and Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be near MITS Computer, where Allen took a position as director of software development. Gates and Allen named their partn ership Micro-soft’’. fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html. The word Microsoft was developed from two different words, micro from microcomputer and soft from software. The name was registered in New Mexico with the secretary of state in November 1976. On November 1978, the first international office of Microsoft was established in Japan and its name was ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). It is now known as Microsoft Japan. In January 1979 the company’s headquarters was moved to Bellevue Washington. bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/. In the early 80’s, Microsoft witnessed a period of great success when IBM contracted the company to develop an operating system for its personal computers (PC), which was underway. In the late 80’s Microsoft issued IPOs (initial public offering) of over two million shares and in the space of one year the price or the shares tripled and in the process making Gates a billionaire at about thirty years of age. Nonetheless, the company had lots of critics and legal cases against it from competitors and the likes. Microsoft success was further heightened by the tech bubble of the 2000 following the release of the windows XP, windows 2000,the acquisition of Visio corporation which stood as the largest acquisition in the life of Microsoft so far   with transaction value of about One and half a billion dollars. The company also spread its tentacles into the world of gaming with their popularly known X-BOX which has remained a success till date. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT’ PERFORMANCE OVERTIME   Key Dates: 1975: Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen; they sell BASIC, the first PC computer language program to MITS Computer, Microsofts first customer. 1981: Microsoft, Inc. is incorporated; IBM uses Microsofts 16-bit operating system for its first personal computer. 1982: Microsoft, U.K., Ltd. is incorporated. 1983: Paul Allen resigns as executive vice-president but remains on the board; Jon Shirley is made president of Microsoft (he later becomes CEO); Microsoft introduces the Microsoft Mouse and Word for MS-DOS 1.00. 1985: Microsoft and IBM forge a joint development agreement. 1986: Microsoft stock goes public at $21 per share. 1987: The Company’s first CD-ROM application, Microsoft Bookshelf, is released. 1990: Jon Shirley retires as president and CEO; Michael R. Hallman is promoted in Shirleys place; the company becomes the first PC software firm to surpass $1 billion of sales in a single year. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The Company acquires Vermeer Technologies and its software application, FrontPage. 1997: The Justice Department alleges that Microsoft violated a 1994 consent decree concerning licensing the Windows operating system to computer manufacturers. 1998: The U.S. Department of Justice files two antitrust cases against Microsoft, alleging the company had violated the Sherman Act. 2000: The Company acquires Visio Corporation, its largest acquisition to date. 2001: Microsoft Windows XP is released internationally. 2003: Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. 2007: Microsoft launches Windows vista 2009: Microsoft launches windows 7 Source: fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html Balance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2011. (Annually) Assets [+] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Cash and Equivalents 5,505 6,076 10,339 6,111 6,714 Restrictable Cash Marketable Securities 31,283 25,371 13,323 17,300 27,447 Accounts Receivable 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Loans Receivable Other Receivables Receivables 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Inventories, Raw Materials 172 170 417 435 465 Inventories, Work in Progress 16 45 31 148 Inventories, Purchased Components Inventories, Finished Goods 552 502 537 544 1,013 Inventories, Other Inventories, Adjustments Allowances Inventories 740 717 985 1,127 1,478 Prepaid Expenses Current Deferred Income Taxes 2,184 2,213 2,017 1,899 1,940 Other Current Assets 2,950 3,711 2,989 2,393 2,115 Total Current Assets 55,676 49,280 43,242 40,168 49,010 Land and Improvements 526 526 518 428 362 Buildings and Improvement 8,187 7,824 6,030 4,247 3,146 Machinery, Furniture and Equipment 7,546 6,732 5,996 4,691 3,715 Construction in Progress Fixed Assets, Other Fixed Assets, Total 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Gross Fixed Assets 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Accumulated Depreciation (8,629) (7,547) (6,302) (5,016) (4,179) Net Fixed Assets 7,630 7,535 6,242 4,350 3,044 Intangibles 1,158 1,759 1,973 878 539 Cost in Excess 12,394 12,503 12,108 4,760 3,866 Non-Current Deferred Income Taxes 279 949 1,389 2,611 Other Non-Current Assets 9,255 6,532 8,279 11,626 10,527 Total Non-Current Assets 30,437 28,608 29,551 23,003 20,587 Total Assets 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69,597 Liabilities [+] in Millions of Dollars 06/2010 06/2009 06/2008 06/2007 06/2006 Accounts Payable 4,207 5,008 4,034 3,247 2,909 Short Term Debt 1,000 2,000 Notes Payable Accrued Expenses Accrued Liabilities 3,283 3,156 2,934 2,325 1,938 Deferred Revenues 13,652 13,003 13,397 10,779 9,138 Current Deferred Income Taxes 1,557 Other Current Liabilities 4,005 3,867 9,521 7,403 6,900 Total Current Liabilities 26,147 27,034 29,886 23,754 22,442 Long Term Debt 4,939 3,746 Deferred Income Tax 229 Other Non-Current Liabilities 8,623 7,550 6,621 8,320 7,051 Minority Interest Capital Lease Obligations Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust Preferred Equity Outside Shareholders Equity Total Non-Current Liabilities 13,791 11,296 6,621 8,320 7,051 Total Liabilities 39,938 38,330 36,507 32,074 29,493 Preferred Shareholders Equity Common Shareholders Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Common Par 62,856 62,382 62,849 Additional Paid in Capital 60,557 59,005 Cumulative Translation Adjustments 149 Retained Earnings (16,681) (22,824) (26,563) (31,114) (20,130) Treasury Stock Other Equity Adjustments 1,505 1,229 Total Capitalization 51,114 43,304 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Total Liabilities Shareholders Equity 86,113 77,888 72,793 63,171 69 Closing price =$25.51 Volume sold =25.16m Source:answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703. [Accessed 4 April 2011]. With more descriptive statistics, we can also examine the performance of Microsoft on a monthly basis from the year 1988- 2009 using returns (unit%) See excel for descriptive statistics. Microsoft return (unit %) Market return (unit %) Mean 0.021622876 Mean 0.857870722 Standard Error 0.00618845 Standard Error 0.269942879 Median 0.022084196 Median 1.41 Mode 0.064221396 Mode 1.78 Standard Deviation 0.100359793 Standard Deviation 4.377737838 Sample Variance 0.010072088 Sample Variance 19.16458858 Kurtosis 1.421423202 Kurtosis 1.709578314 Skewness 0.366537791 Skewness -0.812673531 Range 0.751310392 Range 29.51 Minimum -0.343529412 Minimum -18.46 Maximum 0.40778098 Maximum 11.05 Sum 5.686816298 Sum 225.62 Count 263 Count 263 From the descriptive statistics above, Microsoft has a positive skewness unlike the market whose skewness is negative, this indicates that Microsoft has a better flow or return than the market. It could also be noted that Microsoft is (1) standard deviation away from its mean whereas the market is (4) standard deviation away from its mean, this means that the returns of Microsoft had not been too volatile over the years and return on stocks are less risky. COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH SP 500 (MARKET) USING T-TEST See t-test on Excel   Ã‚  Ã‚   H0: Microsoft did not outperform the market   Ã‚  Ã‚   H1: Microsoft outperformed the market t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means    Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 0.021622876 0.857870722 Variance 0.010072088 19.16458858 Observations 263 263 Pearson Correlation 0.539530773 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 262 t Stat -3.136067434 P(T=t) one-tail 0.000953757 t Critical one-tail 1.650690284 P(T=t) two-tail 0.001907515 t Critical two-tail 1.969059657 Conclusion: From the t-Test above, since the t-stats is greater in value than the   t -critical (irrespective of the -ve sign), we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1) which says that Microsoft outperformed the market and reject the Null hypothesis (H0) which says that Microsoft did not outperform the market. We can also infer this conclusion by looking at the P- value, here we can see that the p- value is less than the significance level of .05, therefore we need to accept the alternative hypothesis (H1). ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPM Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.258985259 R Square 0.067073365 Adjusted R Square 0.063498933 Standard Error 0.185690508 Observations 263 ANOVA    df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.647027164 0.647027164 18.764764 2.11102E-05 Residual 261 8.999531777 0.034480965 Total 262 9.646558942    Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept -0.32415329 0.011530623 -28.1123831 6.17385E-81 -0.346858177 -0.30145 -0.34686 -0.30145 X Variable 1 0.011371441 0.002625088 4.331831484 2.11102E-05 0.006202393 0.01654 0.006202 0.01654 CAPM :- E(R)=RF+ÃŽ ²[RM-RF] By substituting the CAPM formula into the regression, we have Y= ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²x+e Y = dependent variable ÃŽ ± = intercept ÃŽ ² = co-efficient of independent variable e =error When x=0, ÃŽ ± is an estimate of Y, then excess return of Microsoft would be given as: Excess return= -0.32415329+0.011371441+0.185690508 Adjusted R Square = 0.063498933 The adjusted R Square indicates that 6.3% of the variability in the excess return of Microsoft is explained by the market. I.e. for every percentage change of return in the market, Microsoft’s return changes by 6.3%.    BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, Paul. How the Web Was Won: Microsoft from Windows to the Web: The Inside Story of How Bill Gates and His Band of Internet Idealists Transformed a Software Empire. New York: Random House, 1999. Consuming, Michael A., Microsoft Secrets: How the Worlds Most Powerful Software Company Creates Technology, Shapes Markets, and Manages People, New York: Free Press, 1995, 512 p. Desmond, Edward W., Microsofts Big Bet on Small Machines, Fortune, July 20, 1998, pp. 86-90. EU, Microsoft Clash Over Monopoly Ruling, Associated Press, April 29, 2004. Evers, Joris, Ballmer: Windows Server 2003 Does More with Less, IDG News Service (San Francisco Bureau). France, Mike, Microsoft: The View at Halftime, Business Week, January 25, 1999, p. 78. Hamm, Steve, No LetupAnd No Apologies: Antitrust Scrutiny Hasnt Eased Microsofts Competitiveness, Business Week, October 26, 1998, p. 58. Higgins, David, The Man Who Owns the Future, Sydney Morning Herald, March 14, 1998, p. 1. Iceboat, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper, The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worlds Most Successful Software Company, Rocklin, Calif.: Prima Publishing, 1991, 304 p. Ichbiah, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper. The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the Worlds Most Successful Software Company. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Isaacson, Walter, In Search of the Real Bill Gates, Time Magazine, January 13, 1997, pp. 44+. Kirkpatrick, David, He Wants All Your BusinessAnd Hes Starting to Get It, Fortune, May 26, 1997, pp. 58+. Kirkpatrick, David, Microsoft: Is Your Company Its Next Meal?, Fortune, April 27, 1998, pp. 92-102. Krantz, Michael, If You Cant Beat Em Will Bill Gates Bailout Save AppleOr Just Strengthen Microsofts Hand in the Web Wars?, Time Magazine, August 18, 1997, pp. 35+. Manes, Stephen, and Paul Andrews, Gates: How Microsofts Mogul Reinvented an IndustryAnd Made Himself the Richest Man in America, New York: Doubleday, 1993. Mardesich, Jodi, Whats Weighing Down Microsoft?, Fortune, January 11, 1999, pp. 147-48. McKenzie, Richard B., Trust on Trial: How the Microsoft Case Is Reframing the Rules of Competition, Perseus Publishing, 2000. Microsoft Corporation. Inside Out: Microsoft- In Our Own Words. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Moody, Fred, I Sing the Body Electronic: A Year with Microsoft on the Multimedia Frontier, New York: Viking, 1995, 311 p. Nocera, Joseph, High Noon, Fortune, November 23, 1998, pp. 162+. Pollock, Andrew, Media; Microsoft Makes Another Interactive TV Investment, New York Times, January 24, 2000. Schlender, Brent, What Bill Gates Really Wants, Fortune, January 16, 1995, pp. 34+. Stross, Randall E., The Microsoft Way: The Real Story of How the Company Outsmarts Its Competition, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1996, 318 p. Wallace, James, and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York: Wiley, 1992, 426 p. Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.63. St. James Press, 2004. answers.com/topic/microsoft#ixzz1Ia9E8U5d answers.com/main/dsdata?dsid=2940templateid=0cid=27590212qm_page=30703 bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation- Company-History.html

Three Basic Principles of Utilitarianism

Three Basic Principles of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is one of the most important and influential moral theories of modern times. In many respects, it is the outlook of Scottish philosopher  David Hume (1711-1776) and his writings from the mid-18th century. But it received both its name and its clearest statement in the writings of English philosophers Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Even today Mills essay Utilitarianism, which was published in 1861, remains one of the most widely taught expositions of the doctrine. There are three principles that serve as the basic axioms of utilitarianism. 1. Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value. Utilitarianism gets its name from the term utility, which in this context does not mean useful but, rather, means pleasure or happiness.  To say that something has intrinsic value means that it is simply good in itself.  A world in which this thing exists, or is possessed, or is experienced, is better than a world without it (all other things being equal). Intrinsic value contrasts with instrumental value.  Something has instrumental value when it is a means to some end.  For example, a screwdriver has instrumental value to the carpenter; it is not valued for its own sake but for what can be done with it. Now Mill admits that we seem to value some things other than pleasure and happiness for their own sake- we value health, beauty, and knowledge in this way. But he argues that we  never  value anything unless we associate it in some way with pleasure or happiness. Thus, we value beauty because it is pleasurable to behold. We value knowledge because,  usually, it is useful to us in coping with the world, and hence is linked to happiness. We value love and friendship because they are sources of pleasure and happiness. Pleasure and happiness, though, are unique in being valued purely for their own sake. No other reason for valuing them needs to be given. It is better to be happy than sad. This cant really be proved. But everyone thinks this. Mill thinks of happiness as consisting of many and varied pleasures. Thats why he runs the two concepts together. Most utilitarians, though, talk mainly of happiness, and that is what we will do from this point on. 2. Actions Are Right Insofar as They Promote Happiness, Wrong Insofar as They Produce Unhappiness. This principle is controversial. It makes utilitarianism a form of consequentialism since it says that the morality of an action is decided by its consequences. The more happiness is produced among those affected by the action, the better the action is. So, all things being equal, giving presents to a whole gang of children is better than giving a present to just one. Similarly, saving two lives is better than saving one life. That can seem quite sensible. But the principle is controversial because many people would say that what decides the morality of an action is the  motive  behind it. They would say, for instance, that if you give $1,000 to charity because you want to look good to voters in an election, your action is not so deserving of praise as if you gave $50 to charity motivated by compassion, or a sense of duty. 3. Everyones Happiness Counts Equally. This may strike you as a rather obvious moral principle. But when it was put forward by Bentham (in the form, everyone to count for one; no-one for more than one) it was quite radical. Two hundred years ago, it was a commonly held view that some lives, and the happiness they contained, were simply more important and valuable than others.  For example, the lives of masters were more important than slaves; the well-being of a king was more important than that of a peasant. So in Benthams time, this principle of equality was decidedly progressive.  It lay behind calls on the government to pass policies that would benefit all equally, not just the ruling elite. It is also the reason why utilitarianism is very far removed from any kind of egoism. The doctrine does not say that you should strive to maximize your own happiness. Rather, your happiness is just that of one person and carries no special weight. Utilitarians like the Australian philosopher Peter Singer take this idea of treating everyone equally very seriously. Singer argues that we have the same obligation to help needy strangers in far-off places as we have to help those closest to us. Critics think that this makes utilitarianism unrealistic and too demanding. But in Utilitarianism,  Mill attempts to answer this criticism by arguing that the general happiness is best served by each person focusing primarily on themselves and those around them. Benthams commitment to equality was radical in another way, too. Most moral philosophers before him had held that human beings have no particular obligations to animals since animals cant reason or talk, and they lack free will. But in Benthams view, this is irrelevant. What matters is whether an animal is capable of feeling pleasure or pain. He doesnt say that we should treat animals as if they were human. But he does think that the world is a better place if there is more pleasure and less suffering among the animals as well as among us. So we should at least avoid causing animals unnecessary suffering.

The Sociologists Take on Feminism

The Sociologist's Take on Feminism What feminism means is a hotly contested debate in the twenty-first century. Often, efforts to define feminism are hatched in response to critiques or dismissals of it as angry, irrational, and man-hating. The term itself is so widely contested and derided that many people adamantly state that they are not feminists, despite espousing what many consider feminist values and views. So what is feminism really all about? Equality. Not just for women, but for all people, regardless of gender, sexuality, race, culture, religion, ability, class, nationality, or age. Studying feminism from a sociological perspective brings all of this to light. Viewed this way, one can see that feminism has never really been about women. The focus of a feminist critique is a social system that is designed by men, guided by their particular gendered world views and experiences, and designed to privilege their values and experiences at the expense of others. Who those men are, in terms of race and class, among other things, varies from place to place. But at a global level, and especially within Western nations, those men in power have historically been wealthy, white, cisgender, and heterosexual, which is an important historical and contemporary point. Those in power determine how society operates, and they determine it based on their own perspectives, experiences, and interests, which more often than not serve to create unequal and unjust systems. Within the social sciences, the development of a feminist perspective and feminist theories have always been about de-centering the privileged white male perspective from framing social problems, the approach to studying them, how we actually study them, what we conclude about them, and what we try to do about them as a society. Feminist social science begins by casting off the assumptions derived from the particular standpoint of privileged white men. This means not just reconfiguring social science to not privilege men, but also, to de-center whiteness, heterosexuality, middle and upper-class status, ability, and other elements of the dominant perspective in order to create a social science that combats inequality and fosters equality through inclusion. Patricia Hill Collins, one of the most accomplished and important American sociologists alive today, referred to this approach to seeing the world and its peoples as intersectional. This approach recognizes that systems of power and privilege, and of oppression, work together, intersect, and rely upon each other. This concept has become central to todays feminism because understanding intersectionality is central to understanding and fighting inequality. Collinss articulation of the concept (and the lived reality of it) is what makes race, class, sexuality, nationality, ability, and many other things necessary to include in a feminist perspective. For, one is never simply just a woman or a man: one is defined by and operates within these other social constructs that have very real consequences that shape experiences, life chances, perspectives, and values. So what is feminism really all about? Feminism is about fighting inequality in all of its forms, including classism, racism, global corporate colonialism, heterosexism and homophobia, xenophobia, religious intolerance, and of course, the persistent problem of sexism. It is also about fighting these on a global level, and not just within our own communities and societies, because we are all connected by globalized systems of economy and governance, and because of this, power, privilege, and inequality operate on a global scale. Whats not to like?

Politic Matters and Its Effects on Childhood in Congo Research Paper

Politic Matters and Its Effects on Childhood in Congo - Research Paper Example Childhood is a phase everyone goes through to learn, socialize and integrate into the wider society. However, due to the fact that a child is in a preparatory phase of their lives to be ushered into an era where they will work and become productive to their nations, they need to be given proper care and medical attention to ensure that they remain healthy and have a good early life to give optimal results in their adult life. Maintaining and enhancing childhood and child health has not been easy for nations in the developing world, particularly conflict-plagued nations in Africa. These nations are often plagued with war and conflicts. These conflicts make it difficult for Western-influenced medical and social intervention difficult. This paper examines the childhood, war, and conflict as well as how it affects children in Africa with special emphasis on Congo. Child Health & Childhood Childhood is seen as the early years of a person’s life where the person socializes with memb ers of the society and gains an understanding of the world around him or her in preparation for a productive life after age 18 (NICHD Early Childhood Research Network, 2005). In most studies covered by this research though, childhood seems to stretch from the time of birth to about age 12, where a child needs care and attention. As a child grows, s/he needs to get a proper blend of emotional, mental and physical health (Kehily, 2004) in order to become a stable and healthy adult. Emotional health encompasses the right bonds with adults, care and protection from trauma and other harsh conditions that may make a child disturbed. Mental health has to do with the right structures that will give the child a stable mind. Physical health means protection from diseases and other physical injuries that would prevent the child from normal life. In the modern setting, these things should be available to the child as he goes through contact with his or her parents, school and the local communit y. Clarke et al (2003) stress that a good childhood is one in which a child gets the opportunity to grow up an ideal setting. This includes access to good and healthy food, the opportunity to learn and play, protection from diseases and harsh environmental conditions as well as access to proper health care. Child health is the â€Å"professional and academic field that focuses on the determinants, mechanisms and systems that operate and maintain the health, safety, wellbeing and appropriate development of children and their families in countries and societies in order to enhance the future health of society and subsequent generations† (Alexander et al, 2004) This is an aggregate and collective view of the process and system of child health. It shows that child health is about the entire health profession, research, and academic community and its relation with the creation and maintenance of structures and systems that ensure the wellbeing and proper growth of children and the people closest to them that they will normally fall upon for assistance and support.  

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination Essay

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination - Essay Example Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 V. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 I. Introduction Three prominent religious members lay behind the evangelical movement that arose in English Christianity within the 1730s when Charles, John, and Wesley came together as Methodists. George Whitefield was a Calvinist while John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley can be considered as Arminians. The reasons for Whitefield’s dedicated attitude can partly be linked to his close friendships with American evangelicals, which led into deeper comprehension of Puritan theology and its significance to evangelism and revivals. The pa per explores the views of Wesley and Whitefield on the theology of grace and predestination. II. Background Prior to his departure, Whitefield’s sermon dwelling on â€Å"On the Nature and Necessity of Our Regeneration or New Birth in Christ Jesus† based on 2 Corinthians 5: 17 â€Å"if any man be in Christ he is a new creature.† In his sermon of 1737, â€Å"the doctrine of our generation, new birth in Christ Jesus† can be regarded as one of the most fundamental. ... agreed wholly with the Wesley that â€Å"nothing but a guarantee that people are born again that all are members of Christ united to Him by one and to the Holy Spirit that He was actuated† can fulfill the heart of man.2 The three also concurred on the nature and degree of the sanctification started through the work of the Holy Spirit within regeneration. When George Whitefield left England in 1739, he was appreciated as a leader of the evangelical awakening. Whitefield handed over his followers to John Wesley’s; nevertheless, when he returned in 1741, Whitefield found that a majority of his spiritual children were hostile to the extent that they sent threatening messages to him that God will speedily destroy him. This emanated from by the fact that, on Whitefield’s departure, Wesley had published a sermon titled â€Å"Free Grace,† which professed to be founded upon, Roman 8:32. John Wesley’s sermon, published in August 1739 and attempted to demonstr ate how God’s Grace is â€Å"free in all and free for all.† Wesley’s message was a robust critique of the doctrine of predestination and election. Wesley believed such a doctrine was a precarious one and that it blasphemed the very person and nature of God. Election represents God’s choosing whom to save and it is unconditional, given that there is no condition man must satisfy before God chooses to save him. Calvinists concur that humankind must meet the condition of faith in Christ so as to inherit eternal life; however, faith is not a condition for election, but rather election is a condition of faith. Whitefield and Wesley could not find a common ground, which split the movement between the adherents of Wesley and those of Whitefield.3 The division arose from the fact that Whitefield and Wesley did not share the

Business -Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business -Assignment - Essay Example The increase in unemployment would result to lesser people having jobs. Lesser people having jobs would translate to lesser Tesco sales. People have less money to buy Tesco products. Clearly, one possible effect is the decline in the company’s sales(Geroski & Gregg, 1997,49). Another possibility is the increase in variable expenses. Inflation would translate to higher prices of commodities, raw materials and other purchase amounts. The company must spend more to purchase the same number of inventory sold in the Tesco Plc stores. The prices of other products sold in its outlets would rise. Obviously, another possibility is the increase in variable expenses(Lipsey & Chrystal,2007,334). A third possibility is an increase in fixed expenses. The electricity cost could increase because of the increase in the electricity company’s operating expenses. The water utility company would increase prices. The telephone costs could demand a price increase. The fixed salary of Tesco employees could increase. Definitely, A third possibility is an increase in fixed expenses(Ingham,2000,47). A fourth possibility is the decline in purchases. A decline in sales would result to an oversupply of products being displayed at the Tesco Plc shops. Many of the inventory items displayed in the Tesco Plc will have a high probability of expiring because of the slowdown in demand for Tesco Plc product. The company, Tesco Plc, will be forced to reduce the number of items purchased due to the large stocks of unsold store items displayed. This reduction in Tesco Plc purchases would ensure that the newly bought products will be sold only after the prior –purchased products have been sold. Surely, a fourth possibility is the decline in purchases(Mullard, 1995,113). A fifth possibility is retrenchment of some employees. A reduction in sales would mean that the company may generate a large decline in the company’s products. Thus, the company has to

Electronic Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electronic Arts - Essay Example The EA has a significant market share of sports and hero-based video games. The Electronic Art's core competence is its ability to develop high-quality sports and feature games and offer a fascinating gaming experience to the kids, teens, and young adults in many countries around the world. Concentration: Although there are relatively few large competitors in the worldwide video game industry, it is still a heavily saturated market. The high fixed costs of developing a new game lead to increasing competition among the game programmers for the additional unit sales. Product Differentiation: Attributable to EA's efforts to diversify its products from other video games, it has been able to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. They have a few areas in which true product differentiation exists - graphics, price, use of celebrities and licensed themes etc. Cost Conditions: due to the short product life and low customer price sensitivity the economies of scale do not have significant impact on the industry performance. Nevetherless, the learning curve effects are present. There is little threat of entry from companies outside of the video games market, however, within the market there is possible threat from manufacturers not yet fully established in the video games (i.e. manufacturers of game consoles), and even then there are significant barriers. Capital Requirements There are moderate capital requirements associated with entering the video games market as supplies can be outsourced and no major investment into R&D and equipment is needed. Access to Channels of Distribution The channel of distribution is another barrier to entry. This has to due to the fact that the retail channels are already saturated with a variety of competing products from established brands. In addition, there may be preference for distributors to sell products with higher margins or greater marketability and volume, making entry difficult. Threat of Substitutes/Complements Buyer propensity to substitute: There are very few other forms of entertainment that can be considered as direct substitutes for video games. However, within the video games market segment there are a number of substitutes because each manufacturer offers their own product range and the customers rarely have high brand loyalty. Complements: video games constitute a complementary good themselves with regard to the game consoles. Although the demand for them can not be considered purely derived, the video games market capacity does depend on the spread of the gaming devices. Bargaining Power of Buyers Price Sensitivity: the end customer perceives price as an indicator of quality and, therefore, is often price insensitive within certain price range. Concentration: Size of the end customer (i.e. consumer) is small and size of one purchase is small, so the end customer itself lacks the bargaining power. However, the wholesale distributors and retailers are bigger in size and their purchases have impact on the total amount of purchases, so they have also more

Five causes for the public not to trust government, and five causes Coursework

Five causes for the public not to trust government, and five causes for the public to trust government - Coursework Example (Nye Jr., 1997) These are indeed pretty much required because the public views the government as its ultimate savior at the end of the day and if the government misses out on this tangent, then the public has only the government to blame and no one else. The third cause for the public not to trust the government is the way in which government officials run away from the people after they have been elected to their respective offices. This creates a sense of insecurity within the people and they start disrespecting law since they are being continuously treated the wrong way by the government. The fourth cause is the way the government changes its stance every now and so often when it comes to the general and important policies which are drafted by the government on a consistent basis. This is a very pivotal aspect of the debate since these policies indeed pave the way for the future lives of the public. The fifth and last cause includes the government giving up on the service aspect o f the public. This usually happens when the government loses the plot and goes into doubling its own assets and forgets the general public. (Diiulio Jr., 1994) There are also moments when the public trusts the government and this is indeed an aspect which could be seen in the positive aspects under the relationship between the two. First cause includes the way when the government meets the expectations of the public as well as exceeds the very same time and again. This is appreciated by the public and is looked up with a sense of pride and confidence by the people. The second cause of the public trusting the government is when the government takes care of the most basic utilities that are related with the people. This is a very positive aspect and one that needs high praise for the government. The third cause for the public to trust the government is when there are rescue and relief operations carried out on a quick basis by the

The impeachment of Presidents Clinton and Nixon Essay Example for Free

The impeachment of Presidents Clinton and Nixon Essay Clinton was impeached as President of the United States on December 19, 1998 by the House of Representatives. The charges were perjury and obstruction of justice. The Senate acquitted Clinton on both counts in a trail concluding on February 12, 1999. The charges arose from an investigation by independent counsel Kenneth Starr. Originally dealing with the failed land deal years earlier known as Whitewater, Starr expanded his investigation into Clintons conduct during the sexual harassment lawsuit filed by a former Arkansas government employee, Paula Jones. In a sworn deposition taken for this case, Clinton denied having sexual relations with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Based on taped phone conversations between Lewinsky and her confidante, Starr reached the conclusion that Clintons statement constituted perjury. The Senate impeachment trail lasted form January 7, 1999 until February 12. No witnesses were called during the trail. The perjury charge was defeated with 45 votes for conviction and 55 against. The obstruction of justice charge was defeated with 50 for conviction and 50 against. Again, the impeachment effort lacked bipartisan support, with no Democratic votes for conviction. In March, 1998 Kathleen Willey, a White House aide, alleged that Clinton had sexually assaulted her. Also in 1998, Juanita Broaddrick alleged that Clinton had raped her in 1978. No evidence was produces of charges brought; despite being acquitted in his Senate impeachment trail, Clinton was disbarred from practicing Law for five years by the Senate of Arkansas and the United States Supreme Court. President Nixon was impeached in 1974. He was impeached because of high crimes and misdemeanors. President Nixon was involved in many things that lead to his impeachment. Under the first of two articles Nixon was impeached for a variety of things. For starters he had been making false and misleading statements to the government and the public people. He was also withholding information and allowing and encouraging witnesses to give false or misleading statements, and attempted to misuse the CIA. Nixon even went as far as to allow secret payments to influence witnesses and attempted to interfere with FBI and other investigations into the break-ins of the Watergate scandal. Nixon also leaked information about the investigations to  help the accused and insinuating the people who refuse to testify against him or who give false testimony will receive favors. He also engaged in conduct violating the constitutional rights of citizens and impairing the due and proper administration of justice. I think that Congress was well justified to impeach both of these presidents. Looking at every thing that these guys did it is amazing that they were even elected to me. So yes Congress was justified in impeaching President Clinton and President Nixon.

Cell Division Mitosis And Meiosis Biology Essay

Cell Division Mitosis And Meiosis Biology Essay The cell cycle describes the sequence of events that occurs during the life of most eukaryotic cells. It spans through mitosis and cytokinesis,( together referred to as the M phase), then through interphase (G1, S, and G2.) Cell division involves the distribution of identical genetic material, DNA, to two daughter cells. It consists of two phases, nuclear division followed by cytokinesis. Nuclear division divides the genetic material in the nucleus, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm.There are two kinds of nuclear division-mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis divides the nucleus so that both daughter cells are genetically identical. In contrast, meiosis is a reduction division, producing genetically variable daughter cells that contain half the genetic information of the parent cell. In either mitosis or meiosis, the whole process begins with the condensation(shortening and thickening) of the genetic material, chromatin, into tightly coiled bodies, the chromosomes. Each chromosome is made of two identical halves called sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Each chromatid consists of a single, tightly coiled molecule of DNA, the genetic material of the cell. In diploid cells, there are two copies of every chromosome, forming a pair, called homologous chromosomes. In a homologous pair of chromosomes, one homologue originated from the maternal parent, the other from the paternal parent. Mitosis There are four phases in mitosis prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase The nucleoli disappear and the chromatin condenses into chromosomes → the nuclear envelope is degraded → the mitotic spindle is assembled. The development of the mitotic spindle begins as the centrosomes move apart to opposite ends (or poles) of the nucleus. As they move apart, microtubules develop from each centrosome. Microtubules from each centrosome connect to a specialized region in the centromere called a kinetochore. Metaphase The chromosomes are distributed across the metaphase plate, an imaginary plane lying at the equator, between the two poles of the spindle. Metaphase ends when the microtubules, still attached to the kinetochores, pull each chromosome apart into two chromatids. Each chromatid is complete with a centromere and a kinetochore. Once separated from its sister chromatid, each chromatid is called a chromosome. Anaphase Begins after the chromosomes are separated into sister chromatids. The microtubules connected to the chromatids shorten, thus, pulling the chromosomes to opposite poles. The microtubules shorten due to uncoupling of tubulin units at their chromosome ends. At the end of anaphase, each pole has a complete set of chromosomes, the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. Since they consist of only one chromatid, each chromosome contains only a single copy of the DNA molecule. Telophase The process of nuclear division is completed here. A nuclear envelope develops around each pole, forming two nuclei. The chromosomes within each of these nuclei disperse into chromatin, and the nucleoli reappear. A constitutive part of the Telophase called Cytokinesis (in my opinion)creates two daughter cells by a process known as cytoplasmic cleavage. Whereas conventional mitosis is all about nuclear division into two daughter nuclei, cytokinesis embodies cytoplasmic division to form two cells. Interphase Sequel to completion of mitosis (cytokinesis, inclusive), interphase begins. It is the resting period (The cell is not actively dividing) , and arguably the growth period of the cell cycle. This growth period is divided into three phases, designated G1, S, and G2 based of their inherent activities. Although the labels G1 and G2 are associated with growth and S with synthesis, it is worth noting that growth takes place during all three phases. However, S phase marks the time during which the second DNA molecule for each chromosome is synthesized. As a result of this DNA replication, each chromosome that appears at the beginning of the next mitotic division will appear as two sister chromatids. During the G2 period of growth, materials for the next mitotic division are prepared. Meiosis Meiosis is very similar to mitosis, however, major distinction is that meiosis consists of two groups of divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II (both consisting of 4 sub-stages) and occurs only in sexually reproducing organisms. In meiosis I homologous chromosomes pair at the metaphase plate, and then the homologues migrate to opposite poles, while, in meiosis II, chromosomes spread across the metaphase plate and sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles. Thus, meiosis II is analogous to mitosis. A summary of each meiotic stage follows: Meiosis I Prophase I Starts like prophase of mitosis. The nucleolus disappears → chromatin condenses into chromosomes→ the nuclear envelope dissolves→ the spindle apparatus develops. Unlike mitosis, however, once the chromosomes are condensed, homologous chromosomes pair, a process called synapsis. These pairs of homologous chromosomes are called tetrads (a group of four chromatids) or bivalents (two pairs). During synapsis, corresponding regions along non-sister chromatids form close associations called chiasmata sites where genetic material is exchanged between non-sister homologous chromatids, a process called crossing over. Metaphase I Homologous pairs of chromosomes are spread across the metaphase plate. Microtubules extending from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one member of each homologous pair. Microtubules from the other pole are connected to the second member of each homologous pair. Anaphase I Commences when homologues within tetrads uncouple as they are pulled to opposite poles. Telophase I Chromosomes are located at their respective poles, and a nuclear membrane develops around them. Each pole forms a new nucleus that will have half the number of chromosomes, but each chromosome will contain two chromatids. Since daughter nuclei will have half the number of chromosomes, cells that they eventually form will be haploid. As part of telophase I, the cells begin cytokinesis and form cleavage furrows or cell plates. In other species, cytokinesis is delayed until after meiosis II. Also, a short interphase II may begin. No replication of chromosomes occurs during this period. Instead, part II of meiosis begins in both daughter nuclei. Meiosis II Prophase II The nuclear envelope disappears and the spindle develops. There are no chiasmata and no crossing over of genetic material as in prophase I. Metaphase II Chromosomes align singly on the metaphase plate (not in tetrads as in metaphase I). Single alignment of chromosomes is exactly what happens in mitosis except that now there is only half the number of chromosomes. Anaphase II Each chromosome is pulled apart into two chromatids by the microtubules of the spindle apparatus. The chromatids (now chromosomes) migrate to their respective poles. Similar to what happens in mitosis except that now there is only half the number of chromosomes. Telophase II The nuclear envelope reappears at each pole and cytokinesis occurs. The end result of meiosis is four haploid cells (chromosome makeup of each daughter cell designated by n). Each cell contains half the number of chromosomes, and each chromosome consists of only one chromatid. Later in interphase, a second chromatid in each chromosome is replicated, but the cell will still have only half the number of chromosomes. Consequence of Meiotic Error Sometimes, a set of chromosomes has an extra or a missing chromosome. This occurs because of non-disjunction -the chromosomes failed to separate properly during meiosis. This error, which produces the wrong number of chromosomes in a cell, results in severe genetic defects. For example, humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but individuals with Downs syndrome have three-instead of two-copies of the 21st chromosome. A condition known as trisomy and designated as 2n+1 Chromosomal abnormalities also occur if one or more segments of a chromosome break. The most common example is translocation (a segment of a chromosome moves to another chromosome). Translocation involves transposons, DNA segments that have the ability to move around the genome. Sometimes when they move, they leave behind mutations, and they can cause mutations by inserting into a gene. Fortunately, in most cases, damaged DNA can usually be repaired with special repair enzymes. A Comparison between Mitosis and Meiosis Regulation of the Cell Cycle The cell-cycle control system triggers the events of the cell cycle and ensures that these events are properly timed and occur in the correct order. The control system responds to various intracellular and extracellular signals and arrests the cycle when the cell either fails to complete an essential cell-cycle process or encounters unfavourable environmental or intracellular conditions. This control system comprises of several checkpoints a critical control point in the cell cycle. Major checkpoints include G1, G2, and M checkpoints G1 checkpoint the Restriction Point. It ensures that the cell is large enough to divide, and that enough nutrients are available to support the resulting daughter cells. G2 checkpoint ensures that DNA replication in S phase has been completed successfully Metaphase checkpoint ensures that all of the chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle by a kinetochore. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks) as the name implies, depend on cyclin for their activity. Oscillations in the activities of various cyclin-Cdk complexes control various cell-cycle events. Thus, actuation of S-phase cyclin-Cdk complexes (S-Cdk) initiates S phase, while activation of M-phase cyclin-Cdk complexes (M-Cdk) triggers mitosis. The mechanisms that control the activities of cyclin-Cdk complexes include phosphorylation of the Cdk subunit, binding of Cdk inhibitor proteins (CIPs), proteolysis of cyclins, and changes in the transcription of genes encoding Cdk regulators. The cell-cycle control system also depends crucially on two additional enzyme complexes, the anaphase promoting complex (APC) and SCF ubiquitin ligases, which catalyze the ubiquitylation and consequent destruction of specific regulatory proteins that control critical events in the cycle. Growth factors Cellular plasma membranes have receptors for external molecules, or growth factors, that stimulate a cell to divide. One such growth factor is produced by damaged cells, stimulating other cells to divide. More than 50 different growth factors are known. Density-dependent inhibition Conventionally, cells stop dividing when the surrounding cell density reaches a certain maximum. Anchorage dependence Some cells cannot divide except they are attached to an external surface, such as the flat surface of a neighbouring cell (or the side of a culture dish). Cells Which No Longer Respond to Cell-Cycle Controls Cancer Cells Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division. Transformed/Mutated cells, cells that have become cancerous, proliferate without regard to cell cycle checkpoints (Cancer cells do not exhibit contact inhibition), density-dependent inhibition (If cultured, they continue to grow on top of each other when the total area of the petri dish has been covered ), anchorage dependence, and other regulatory mechanisms (or possess abnormal signal transduction sequences which falsely convey growth signals thereby bypassing normal growth checks). Thus, cancer is a disease of the cell cycle. Acknowledgement All diagrams/tables were got from http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f05pm/lect13.htm

Health Risks Associated with the Atkins Diet :: Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Health Risks Associated with the Atkins Diet Low carbohydrate and high fat and protein diets such as the Atkins Diet are very bad for one's health in the long run. The Atkins Diet stresses to steer clear of foods that contain many carbohydrates such as pastas, fruits, vegetables, and breads while instead eating foods such as meats, cheeses, peanuts, and dairy that are high in fat and protein. This eating habit eventually takes a toll on one's health because a certain amount of carbohydrates are a necessity for the body because they are a source of fuel. Also, meats and dairy contain cholesterol and when one eats this food in excess the cholesterol begins to build up in the arteries and blood vessels. This build up can eventually lead to heart disease and various other health risks. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body to function. When these carbohydrates are not eaten the body then burns its stored fat for fuel. As the body's supply of fat diminishes one begins to lose weight. Therefore, the Atkins Diet is successful at making one lose weight in the short term because carbohydrate intake is severely restricted to less than 20 grams per day and will eventually climb to about 40 grams after a few weeks. This "translates to no more than three cups of loosely packed salad or two cups of salad with two-thirds cup of certain cooked vegetables each day" (www.webmd.com). However, the body needs a certain amount of these carbohydrates and after a while of recieving them the body does not function properly. According to Gail Frank, a PhD professor of nutrition at California State University in Long Beach, "The body needs a minimum of carbohydrates for efficient and healthy functioning -- about 150 grams daily" (www.webmd.com). She states that less than 150 grams of carbohydrates disrupts the body's normal metabolic activity. Also, "the brain needs glucose to function efficiently, and it takes a long time to break down fat and protein to get to the brain," (www.webmd.com). Glucose results from carbohydrates or sugar broken down into the bloodstream; but also occurs naturally in fruits and honey. Therefore, the body needs a certain amount of good carbohydrates like fruits and vegetables to stay healthy. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to heart disease.

Machiavelli Vs. King George III :: essays research papers

MACHIAVELLI VS. KING GEORGE III During colonial times, King George III was a tyrant ruler. He was unstable and constantly inflicted hardship upon the people of the American Colonies. King George III thought that imposing more demands on the colonists would allow him to reach his goals such as bringing in more money for the British government. Machiavelli, on the other hand, thought that a ruler needed his subjects to be on his side so that there would be less resistance. King George III did not follow Machiavelli's manual for being a good prince. Machiavelli's main lesson was "a prince must always seem to be generous, merciful, faithful, spirited, and humane.† If a prince does not have those characteristics, his people will lose all support for him. King George III did not make sure people from the American Colonies saw him as a good King. King George III did not go out of his way to cover up his wrong doings. Instead, everyone knew he did not really care about the American Colonists. They knew he only cared about the land, and acquiring the largest empire. The King continually broke his own laws, contrary to Machiavelli's principles. Machiavelli once said, â€Å"a prince should always be able to come up with a reason for war†. King George III didn’t have a reason. He kept sending armies into the American Colonies. He transported large armies of foreign mercenaries to kill people and confiscate their land. By doing this, King George was only sabotaging himself. Machiavelli spoke of a balance between good and evil. "In actual fact, a prince may not have all of the admirable qualities listed, but it is necessary that he should seem to have them. Indeed I will venture to say that when you have them and exercise them all of the time, they are harmful to you; when you just seem to have them, they are useful. It is good to appear merciful, truthful, humane, sincere, and religious; it is good to be so in reality. But you must keep your mind so disposed that, in case of need, you can turn to the exact contrary".

George Santayana Essay

George Santayana noted that those who do not remember their own history are doomed to repeat it. There is an extreme truth in the observation and leaders and nations who have not learnt from the mistakes faced ramification down the ages. It can be stated that history is a subject that acts as a reference point to the future generations and asks them to learn from the mistakes committed earlier. In this context, it is a curious notion to point out that the United States was formed from the ashes of British colonial attitudes in the America. The American citizen fought against the British rule through revolution in order to gain freedom and autonomy. The irony of history is that the US tried to set up colonies themselves in Cuba during the 40’s and 50’s only to be defeated by local revolutionary forces lead by Fidel Castro. (Kar, 1996) The French had their share of mass revolution during French revolution that should have taught them not to oppress a population beyond a certain limit. However, they took little education from this incident and oppressed the local population of Indo-Chine with severe brutality. The result was general upraise that put an end to the French control in the Asian parts. (King, 1999) Similarly, Napoleon attacked Russia during the summer hoping to capture all of Russia by the beginning of winter. He was a failure and was forced to face humiliating defeat. This should have been reference point for Adolph Hitler. He tried to follow the same path of Napoleon and faced the same result, only this time he lost the entire WWII due to this Russian campaign. (Lamb, 2004) Thus, it is clear, whenever a leader or county fails to learn from history, it is evident, there would be misery. References: Kar, P; (1996); History of United States: Colonized to Colonials; Kolkata: Dasgupta & Chatterjee King, H; (1999); Historical Principals: Communism; Auckland: HBT & Brooks Ltd Lamb, D; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization; Wellington: National Book Trust

Candy in Of Mice and Men Essay

Candy’s name has many connotations and many of which gives us an insight to the inequalities against old people in American society. Candy on the very simple and literal level means â€Å"sweet and pleasing† and shows that Candy is a very sweet, nice old man. Another connotation that springs to mind is that Candy, the old swamper, is a very friendly, honest and open man with whom you can talk about everything. This is underlined by his name: â€Å"candid† means â€Å"not hiding one†²s thoughts, frank and honest†. But Candy’s name has also an even deeper meaning or connotation which highlights an inequality in society in that his name- Candy- is a metaphor as much like his name, candy or sweets have a sell-by date. This portrays that in American society all workers are expendable or indispensable and after a given time they are rendered as useless. The killing of Candy’s dog is a key metaphor in the book as Candy the old handyman, aging and left with only one hand as the result of an accident, worries that the boss will soon declare him useless and demand that he leave the ranch. Even though we learn that Candy’s dog was once an impressive sheep herder, past accomplishments and current emotional ties matter little, as Carlson makes clear when he insists that Candy let him put the dog out of its misery, we see this in the line: â€Å"He ain’t no good to you†¦why’n’t you shoot him Candy?† Candy’s dog serves as a harsh reminder in American society of the fate that awaits anyone who outlives their usefulness. This situation also portrays an inequality in society in that society views on their age and incapabilities rather than their values and past achievements. Steinbeck throughout the novel uses Candy to portray to the reader the inequality of ageism in American in society in 1920. Through his descriptions of Candy’s working and living conditions, Steinbeck highlights the frequent use of discrimination and ageism. Candy is an â€Å"old swamper†, who lives in a â€Å"bunkhouse†. His possessions are a â€Å"bunk† and â€Å"an apple box†. Theoretically, one should treat aged people respectfully. In our society, pensioners have a better life than employees. However, Candy is a â€Å"swamper† and he is not treated fairly. The repetition of â€Å"old† in Candy’s description also emphasises that his appearance and inability to work because of his age was what many people judged Candy by. Candy because of his age and disability is an outcast on this ranch we see this when he does not go into town with the rest of the ranchworkers which highlights how excluded Candy is. The exclusion of Candy is another indication of the inequalities in American society in that it was very ageist and discriminative. In our society pensioners are treated with a lot more respect that the average middle-aged working class citizen but we learn from this novel that society in 1920 was juxtaposed to this. Candy did not get pension or benefits for the government; the only sum of money he received was the inadequate sum of $250 for the loss of his hand, which contributed massively to his uslessness. This is an indication in of an inequality in society as old people were not even valued by the government as there were no pensions. Old people were poor in the 1920’s because they were seen as useless by the average people and the government alike. This indicates that American society greatly believed in the term ‘survival of the fittest’ and believed people should ‘work until they dropped.’ After Lennie leaves the ranch Candy replaces his role and becomes dependent on George: â€Å"What we gonna do now George? What we gonna do now?† Also throughout the novel we notice Candy’s vulnerability in the ranch especially when it comes to the boss. For example we see in the line: â€Å"You won’t tell Curley nothing I said?† that Candy is in fact frightened of the boss and his son and knows that they have the power to get rid of Candy from the ranch and therefore would leave him with nothing. Candy is a passive man, unable to take any independent action. Indeed, his one major act in the book – when he offers Lennie and George money in order to buy a piece of land with them – is a means by which he can become dependent on them: â€Å"An’ I’ll make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off† This indicates an inequality in that it shows how vulnerable old people were in American society especially once they got past the stage of being able to work as no one seen them as any use. View as multi-pages

Focus On Learner Pronunciation Problems Essay

In Portuguese, R at the beginning of words, at the end of words, or before a consonant is pronounced like H. Many Brazilian students carry this habit into English words, pronouncing â€Å"restaurant† as â€Å"hestaurant† and â€Å"far† as â€Å"fah.† It’s especially common when the English word and the Portuguese word are similar, such as in â€Å"restaurant† and â€Å"regular.† SOLUTION: First, I have my students work on pronouncing the English R sound by itself. I demonstrate the correct mouth position and they imitate me. Then, we work on each word while exaggerating the R sound – so we say rrrrememberrrr, for example. Finally, we practice making that exaggerated R sound shorter and shorter until the student gets used to saying remember with an English R. It feels a little ridiculous, but it works! PROBLEM: Similar words Fortunately, Portuguese and English have a lot of true cognates – words that are similar in both languages, such as area, animal, culture, famous, music, romantic, hamburger, and sports. This makes it easier to remember the vocabulary – but more difficult to remember to pronounce the words â€Å"the English way.† SOLUTION: To show the difference in the sounds, I make comparisons with words that they already know and pronounce well in English – â€Å"The ‘a’ in animal is like the ‘a’ in and,† for example. I also draw attention to syllable stress – popular in English vs. popular in Portuguese. PROBLEM: Final consonants Portuguese doesn’t have letters like D, T, G, P, and K at the end of words, so it’s common for Brazilian students to accidentally add a little vowel sound at the end of English words – so big sounds like bigg-ee and stop becomes stopp-ee. One of the most famous is difficult turning into difficulty – which is also an English word, but the first is an adjective and the second is a noun. SOLUTION: I start with words ending in P because they’re the easiest to practice – we practice saying â€Å"stop,† â€Å"help,† and others, and I tell them to keep their lips together for a second at the end, then â€Å"release† them without making an extra sound. Then we move on to â€Å"rock,† â€Å"get,† â€Å"thing,† â€Å"good,† and so on, again, â€Å"holding† the final consonant for a moment before â€Å"releasing† it soundlessly.

How the CLEP Exams Benefit Your Future Goals

How the CLEP Exams Benefit Your Future Goals How the CLEP Exams Benefit Your Future Goals With the increase of online educational possibilities for students around the globe comes the popularity of taking CLEP courses. CLEP, the College-Level Examination Program, are tests given by the College Board to grant credit for college courses without taking on a full semester of classes. Students that study abroad, those that have gained job experience, and those that have gained knowledge through independent study, benefit from taking the CLEP exams. The CLEP tests cover a wide range of disciplines which include exams in the following: Business: Financial Accounting Information systems Introductory Business Law Principles of Management Principles of Marketing Composition and Literature: Humanities English Literature College Composition Analyzing and Interpreting Literature College Composition Modular Foreign Languages (taking these can get you 12 credits) Spanish (Levels 1 and 2)  Ã‚      German (Levels 1 and 2) French (Levels 1 and 2) History and Social Sciences: Intro to Psychology Introduction to Educational Psychology History of the United States II Human Growth and Development Principles of Macroeconomics Social Sciences and History Science and Mathematics: Calculus College Math Natural Sciences You can take mock tests to get an idea of what kind of questions will be asked for each discipline at the college board website. As of this writing we counted 33 various CLEP exams that were the usual classes that you would take in the first 2 years of college including these listed. Why Beneficial Who doesn’t want to save on an entire semester of coursework? Who doesn’t want to save on tuition and the costs of books? Using the CLEP exams to show your proficiency in undergraduate work is a way to get past all of that. Taking the exams also: Can elevate the degree that you already have: You may have been in the work force for many years and now your job has come into the tech world. Studying courses related to computers may be something that you now need to keep in line with technology. You employer may even offer incentives for you to take the CLEP courses that are available. Keep you from taking remedial courses: Students taking entrance exams for college often find that they need to take remedial courses for Math and English before moving into their regular college courses Taking the CLEP exams, they may not have to take the remedial classes to get into upper level classes that they already know are prepared for. Push you into the higher-level classes faster: You get to skip over many of the lower level classes and gain the credit needed to receive Certificate Program Degrees offered at many institutions today. Give you an idea of where you are in a field of study: Taking the CLEP exams can also prepare you for going into college without a blind eye as to what you know already. With tests for Algebra, Biology, Chemistry, and languages such as Spanish, if you already have been practicing these subjects, take the CLEP exams. If you have been out of school for some time, studying and practicing for these exams usually brings it all back. Save money (this one should have been number 1) The average college course runs about 250.00, for a semester of 5 classes that could run a student’s bill up to over $7,000 for the year. With time preparing for the CLEP exams and taking the same number of classes you would only spend $400-500 for the same credit courses. That’s a savings of up to 80%. Military Benefit: Although there is a fee, at some centers up to $80.00, there are circumstances that this fee is waived. This can change from testing center to testing center so it is best to get in touch with your advisor to get firm information about the centers in your area. They will be better suited to tell you what to look forward to. Those who have served in the military may be eligible to take free CLEP exams. Military personnel are also waived fees, but how often they can take it free of charge has changed in recent years. The Office of Veteran’s Affairs in your area will give you full information on benefits that are available. Those in the military report that they pay for the test, and then are reimbursed for the price of the test and center fees. Administrative Help To determine further if the CLEP exams are a good fit for you, make an appointment with your advisors. Go over where you are now education wise, and what taking the exams will do for your advancement, and then decide. Many Community Colleges now have what is called dual-admissions programs. These programs are in place to help those that are in 2-year programs can transfer their credits seamlessly into a 4-year University and when they transfer in, they are Juniors instead of Sophomores. Utilizing the CLEP exams gives students the same options. Before taking any of the exams, meet with your advisors and the school advisors of the University you have in mind to see what courses are transferrable. Preparation You may be anxious, like most people, when faced with exams, and like many other tests, the CLEP exams can be intimidating. You may feel like you know the work and then take the test and a month later get the news that you have failed. Like any other exam that you take, you must study for the CLEP exams. They are scored on the college level and credit is only given when you pass. If you care about your future, you will prepare for these tests and not take them lightly. These test scores may be the link to your getting that perfect job, or being accepted in an institution of higher learning. Consider study guides to help you prepare for the CLEP tests. There are countless online sources to help you. The college board website offers practice tests for you to get an idea of what the exams are like under each subject. They also have low cost study guides to help you prepare for the exams. Other Resources Here are a few resources that can get you started studying for the CLEP exams: Open Source Library: Here you can find course work to study using video, college archives, professor webcasts, and access to scholarly journals. Hippo Campus: they cover over 13 subjects and cater to students from middle school to college. There are also many links to other well-known study sites from this page. The Format If you like the idea of multiple-choice testing, then the CLEP is one of those types of tests. The CLEP exams usually last about 90 minutes and are all done on computer with a multiple-choice platform, except for the written essays which are a mandatory part of the English Composition with Essay exams. Students that have prepared for the CLEP exams have reported that the one area that they needed extensive study time was the English Composition with essay tests, and essay preparation. There are study guides that will help you with preparation for English Composition exams and modular, and it is suggested that you practice writing essays before taking this CLEP test. Many students have trouble with writing, you are not alone. There are custom writing sites online that can help you with study guides and will critique your writing style to help you study for the CLEP writing exams. Important: Take getting help with the English Composition with Essay exam seriously because it is a 45-minute essay question, followed by a 45-minute multiple choice section. Once you pay for the exam, if you fail you must wait 6-months to retake it. It is best to get help if you know you need it before you take the tests. You are to take two mandatory essay tests with the College Composition exam that is graded by selected professors around the country, and then the grades are combined with your multiple-choice scores. There is also a College Composition Modular exam that is graded by your receiving college only with one essay and multiple-choice questions. Discuss with your advisors which of these you should take because colleges vary on which one they will accept. Locations The CLEP exams are offered in the United States and International colleges that accept CLEP credit. Your scores will be sent to be reviewed by the schools of your choice. Not all schools accept all tests. Check before you designate your tests to be released. Alternatives Keep in mind that CLEP tests are lower-level classes for regional schools, however, there are tests such as the DSST’S (Dante’s Subject Standardized Tests) that are available for lower and upper level classes. These tests are taken primarily by non-traditional students but are open to all. MOOCs are also an inexpensive alternative to a full course of study. Massive Open Online Courses are free online courses popping up all over the internet. You can find MOOCs at some of the most prestigious schools, like Yale, Howard, Stanford and MIT. The only thing that is not offered by taking MOOCs is the credit for the courses, but they can be used to study and prep for the CLEP tests. With the cost of a college education soaring it is good to know that there are ways that everyone that wants to can get a quality education. Today, a high school diploma is not enough to get a well-paying job. This is not to say that all people that attend college land that perfect job, but when you have the coursework to back you up on your resume you will be a step ahead of the competition for the job you are after. Now go study for that CLEP!

The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect Essays - Design

The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect Essays - Design The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect on what you learned about design during the first half of the semester. I would like to see specific learning that you experienced. You can focus on particular designtools, design process and design concepts that you learned; or you can focus on specific changes in your attitudes or behaviors vis-a-vis design and innovation. You are encouraged to bring specific examples that illustrates those learnings, and draw from the readings and discussion points that we had in the class in illustrating your points. You are also encouraged to include 1 - 2 visual elements, if necessary, to support your points. However, it is an essay, not a visual presentation. The length of the essay is no more than 2 pages (single space, 1-inch margin all around, 11-point font). Your name should be included in the header. I will set up a page on Canvas so that you can directly submit your work through Canvas. The essay that clearly articulates (a) the nature and the substance of concepts that you learned and (b) how they changed you (before and after) will receive high grades. WHAT IS DESIGN Combination of form, function matter to render service Products are conduits of delivering service. Users always co-create VALUE with the producers. value comes from meeting unmet needs there are only few basic human needs Design is to induce people do what you want them to do in your absence, through understanding people and tools. Leadership is to influence people do what you want them to do in your absence, through available means. analysis: the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements ( opposed to synthesis) synthesis: the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity (opposed to analysis) PROCESS OVERVIW: 1.TELL UR STORY TAKE NOTES, ISLOATE IDEAS, PUT ON WALL, IDENTIFY PATTERN, "BUSINESS DESIGN is a human-centred approach to creative problem solving. It applies design methods and mindsets to business challenges. It can be effectively used to help better understand customers, create new experiences and design innovative business strategies and models." SYMBOL THING ACTION IDEA

Essay on The Effects of Financial Expertise vs. Financial LiteracyEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Effects of Financial Expertise vs. Financial LiteracyEssay Writing Service Essay on The Effects of Financial Expertise vs. Financial Literacy Essay on The Effects of Financial Expertise vs. Financial LiteracyToday, purchases can be made in different ways. In this regard, the analysis of my payment methods reveal the growing trend to the wider use of electronic and credit card payments, which comprise the larger part of all payments that I make, whereas cash comprise the minimal level of payments that I make. The method of payment varies depending on circumstances but, as a rule, I make either electronic or credit card payments, which are the most convenient for me at the moment. Moreover, I believe the majority of consumers also prefer the same method of payments as I do since this is fast and effective method of payment and a large part of transactions are done in the electronic way.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rise of the popularity of electronic transactions and purchases is, to a significant extent, driven by the popularity of e-commerce and increasing market share of e-commerce compared to conventi onal methods of payment. In such a way, the development of e-commerce stimulated the increase of electronic purchases and transactions. At the same time, the development of electronic transactions and purchases has both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, electronic payments are beneficial in terms of the speed of transactions because, as a rule, a transaction is completed within a matter of seconds (McDaniel, Martin, Maines, 2002). In addition, electronic purchases are very convenient for consumers, because they can choose the target product or service online and purchase them right from their homes, workplace or whatsoever. Consumers receive their product or service wherever and whenever they want.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, electronic purchases have a number of drawbacks. In this regard, the risk of the identity theft and loss of private information are probably the major risks associated with electronic purchases. In fact, these r isks lead to the identity theft as well as financial losses resulting from the identity theft (Parrino, 2006). This risk increases along with the fast progress of technology that puts under a threat electronic transactions, which cannot always be fully protected since information protection systems cannot always match the progress of technology aiming at the identity theft and unauthorized access to the private information and consumer’s money.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this regard, credit card purchases are similar, in a way, to electronic transactions, but still they are also very popular and comprise the major part of all of my purchases along with electronic purchases. In fact, credit cards are very popular because they open wider opportunities for consumers to make their purchases. For example, one of the major advantages of credit cards is the possibilities of using credits to purchase products and services. As a result, buyers can take a credit ins tantly to buy the target product or service (Pine Gilmore, 2009). The consumer does not waste his/her time on taking a loan from a bank. Instead, the consumer just uses the credit card. In addition, the development of credit cards transactions became very convenient for consumers. As for me, credit cards are very convenient, when I am running out of money and need some extra money to borrow from a bank to cover my expenses. As a rule, I use it at the end of the month, before I receive the money I earn. Credit cards also offer an opportunity to make purchases fast and convenient.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the use of credit cards is accompanied by the same risks as electronic purchases since consumers also face the risk of the identity theft, if the private information about their credit cards is uncovered by the third parties. At the same time, credit cards are better than cash because they are not as easy to use to pay by the third parties as ca sh. At any rate, the owner of the stolen credit card, for example, always have a chance to block the card and prevent stealing his/her money from the card.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, I still use cash occasionally as well as many other buyers do but this method of payment is still relatively outdated and inconvenient compared to electronic purchases or credit cards. In fact, cash is not always convenient for sellers as well, especially for large companies. Instead, small business, where the cash flow is relatively low are more interested in cash because cash will not be as confusing for their accounting as would be the case of large corporations with a considerable capital turnover.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, cash is still ‘real’ money compared to ‘virtual’ money used in case of electronic or credit cards payments. In fact, in case of a hypothetical shutdown of electronic or credit cards paym ent system or both, cash will be definitely an advantageous method of payment. However, such shutdown is rather hypothetical than real.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the use of electronic payments and credit cards is the most popular way of purchases for me as well as for many other people, who take advantage of convenience of using electronic payments and credit cards to make their purchases.

Tesla lists electric truck for 150kÂÂ

Tesla lists electric truck for 150k   If you’re a trucker, there’s an exciting new wave of innovation and technology that’s sweeping over your industry- and Tesla is leading the charge. Tesla, headed by company founder and maverick CEO Elon Musk, has been at the vanguard of bold, forward-thinking ideas in recent years, and has decided to take its visionary approach to trucking- and the results are interesting to say the least. Truckinginfo.com has recently published an article that discusses this new truck, which is expected to go into production in 2019- let’s take a closer look.The future of trucks seems to be leading towards electric vehicles, a radical departure from the diesel guzzling behemoths that you’re used to driving. Tesla has recently unveiled it’s new Tesla Semi, which is likely going to usher in big changes in trucking. It has a rather steep base price- $150,000 for the base model- but considering that the average price of a truck with an internal combustion engine typically sells for around $100,000, it isn’t too far outside of the typical range that a trucker would expect to pay for a new vehicle- and owners of the new Tesla Semi can expect to see cost savings in terms of reduced fuel consumption. Furthermore, according to an article by DC Velocity, â€Å"Musk told a webcast audience that the vehicle will pay for itself in two years when compared to the cost of a diesel tractor, citing savings in the electric truck’s ability to outperform diesel-powered trucks in aerodynamics, reliability, and fuel.†What will you get with this exciting new base model? You’ll get a durable, reliable long-haul vehicle that’s designed to have a 300-mile range between charges (if you’re looking for something with a longer range, a $180,000 version that can go up to 500 miles between charges was recently unveiled). According to Tesla, the new Tesla Semi will have a cargo capacity similar to its diesel counterparts, witho ut a significant weight increase compared to the average Class 8 truck.If you’re wondering how confident Tesla is in the viability of their new trucks, how’s this for a vote of confidence: Jerome Guillen, Tesla’s vice president of trucks and programs, recently announced during an electric truck confidence in Europe that Tesla would be its own first customer. That’s right- Tesla will utilize its brand-new Tesla semi to haul its own products and cargo between its Freemont California facility and its Gigafactory just outside of Reno Nevada (in case you’re wondering, that’s an approximately 260 mile route).If you’re interested in getting behind the wheel of this new rig, Tesla is accepting early reservations for the Tesla Semi- provided that you’re willing and able to plunk down $20,000 for a reservation. If money isn’t a major problem for you, Tesla is also offering a limited-edition Founder Series truck model (just 1,000 v ersions of this truck will be released), with more bells and whistles than the base model- but it also requires that you put down a $200,000 reservation.If you’re among the lucky few who gets to drive one of these new Tesla Semis, one things for certain- you’ll catch the attention of other drivers on the road!

Evaluation of the evidence for and against stem cell plasticity Article

Evaluation of the evidence for and against stem cell plasticity - Article Example This can be translated to mean that the highly regenerative tissues have stem cells while those that are poor regenerators lack stem cells (Frank, Schatton & Frank 2010, p. 41). However, cells that have been believed to be non-regenerators such as the heart and the brain have lately shown signs of regeneration. This has opened the doors for researches in stem cell population and their regenerative potential. Studies of tissue injury repair have discovered that there is a strong support for important stem cell functions in the hematopoietic system, dermal epithelium, intestinal epithelium, and skeletal muscle. This is a clear indication that stem cell plasticity can be of high importance in repairing of damaged cells in these tissues (Langer, Vacanti &Lanza 2014, p. 231). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exist predominantly in the bone marrow of human beings. They have always been known to serve the purpose of generation all lineages of mature blood cell types that are needed for the maintenance of proper hematopoietic function (Cetrulo, Cetrulo&Cetrulo 2009, p. 234). However, a series of studies have challenged this assertion. These studies suggest that if bone marrow cells are enriched by hematopoietic stem cell activity, they could appear to be of contribution to the lower levels of multiple nonhematopoietic tissues because of injured or irradiated recipients (Bhattacharya & Stubblefield 2014, p. 199). These studies reveal that these activities can result to nonhematopoietic cells within the skin, intestinal epithelium, lung epithelium, kidney epithelium, pancreas, liver parenchyma, skeletal muscle, and myocardium. Some of the support for the stem cell plasticity comes from opposes of abortion. The main reason as to why this group of people is in support of stem cell plasticity is the fact that a majority of stem cell researchers always use embryos that were created in virto fertility treatment. These are the embryos that were produced but were never used. Most

Management of Industrial Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management of Industrial Relations - Essay Example For the better part of a century, it has played a key role in the representation and advising of employers all over Australia and their employment law experts have been actively involved in majority of the test cases in the industrial jurisdiction of fair work Australia (Australian Federation of Employers, 2014). AFEI is a nonprofit organization and its membership spans over 3,500 with more than 60 affiliated industry associations, today, their key role is advisory and they also represent and assist employers in as far as meeting their obligations in respect to workplace relations in concerned. They may or may not include collective agreements and unlike trade unions which are comprised of individual workers, employer organizations allocate membership to enterprises instead. However, most of the legal terms that are used to define trade unions can also be applied on employer organizations. It has been argued that employer organization is simply the employer’s response to trade unions which by virtue of their numbers and activism tend to have considerable power over employers. While this is debatable, it is not by any means simple, employers’ organizations to a large extent are indeed the response to trade unions but they also serve other purposes that have no bearing on the issue of labor. There has nevertheless been an extensive history of antagonism between trade unions and employees organization which gives credence to the assumption that in many ways their interests are mutually exclusive. In the 1890’s in Australia, powerful worker unions tried to dictate to the ship owners what goods they should carry this was done through a strike that threatened to bring down the shipping industry and which rewired over 2000 constables to manage. However three years after the fact, the ship-owners had come together and in response

Domain Name System in Different Jurisdictions Term Paper

Domain Name System in Different Jurisdictions - Term Paper Example According to (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, pp. 217-218), web addresses at Internet are acknowledged as domain names. The Domain Name System synchronizes the two main types of translations: website hostnames to IP (internet protocol) addresses as well as IP addresses into hostnames. The conversion of web-based IP addresses into website hostnames is indispensable if the remote machine presents confirmation or logging. In the working of the DNS, the Internet applications access DNS in the course of a resolver that is a software library connected by the application. A Domain Name System resolver interacts with one or more DNS servers to carry out these jobs on behalf of the application (Krishnan, 2004) and (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). Basically, there are two levels of domain names. The first level is known as the top-level name like that amazon.com or phoenix.edu. While a second level name will be amazon.com/books or fuel.ac.uk. The top-level names are issu ed by central nonprofit companies that inspect the issues and potential violation of trademarks. Undoubtedly, organizations that sell products and services using Internet require customers to be capable to reach them without difficulty; therefore it is most excellent when the URL (web address) relates the organization’s name. However, troubles occur when a number of organizations that have matching names struggle for the same domain name. For instance, if a customer wants to reserve a room at a Holiday Inn hotel and the customer opens the URL ‘holidayinn.com’, and he finds the website for a hotel situated in Niagara Falls, New York. On the other hand, to go to the hotel chain’s website customer needs to open this URL holiday-inn.com, which looks similar. Furthermore, a number of cases of disputed name previously registered in the courts.

The incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS in Australia Essay

The incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS in Australia - Essay Example (NSW Multicultural Health Communication Service, 1997) Babies die from SIDS at all times of the day and night, in cots, prams, car seats, and bassinettes and even in their parent's arms. "With the better education about the risks of SIDS, the number of deaths has been reduced by more than 50 per cent over the last six years." (Horgan, 1995 pp.22-24) "Although the cause of SIDS is still a mystery, research in Australia and other parts of the world suggests it's possible for parents, grandparents and other carers to lower the risk in these simple ways". (Jones Michael Dr, 2006) Since parents in Australia and across the rest of the world have changed how babies are put down for sleep, fewer babies have died from SIDS. However, SIDS can still occur even when all the known risk factors have been ruled out. (SIDS and Kids, 2005a) In Australia, SIDS accounts for the deaths of more babies between the ages of one month and one year than all who die of cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, child abuse, AIDS, cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy combined. In the United States SIDS is responsible for more deaths than any other cause in childhood for babies one month to one year of age, claiming 150,000 victims in this generation alone 7,000 babies each year, nearly one baby every hour of every day. (BHC, 2006c) SIDS occurs at any time of the day or night and most babies die quietly in their sleep. (Better Health Channel, 2006a) "Although it is more common in babies between the ages of two to four months it happens to younger and older babies also, this syndrome occurs in both bottle-fed and breastfed babies. There is a 60 to 40 percent male to female ratio. 60 per cent babies are boys who die. It occurs in families of all races, ethnic and socioeconomic origins without warning. SIDS occurrence is quite sudden, neither parent nor physician can predict that something is wrong. Most SIDS victims appear healthy prior to death." (AAP American academy of Pediatrics, 2005 pp.1245-1255) Researchers believe that babies who die of SIDS are born with one or more conditions that make them especially vulnerable to stresses that occur in the normal life of an infant, including both internal and external influences. "SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion. A death is diagnosed as SIDS only after all other alte rnatives have been eliminated." (Mage & Donner, 2004 pp.1210-1215) SIDS is very rare syndrome. The number of SIDS deaths remained constant despite fluctuations in the overall number of infant deaths. The National Center for Health Statistics NCHS reported that, in 1988 in the United States, 5,476 infants under 1 year of age died from SIDS in 1989, the number of SIDS deaths was 5,634 (NCHS,1990 p. 33). "However, other sources estimate that the number of SIDS deaths may actually be closer to 7,000". (Goyco, Beckerman, 1990 pp. 299-346) The larger estimate represents additional cases that are unreported or underreported the cases that were not reported as SIDS. More than 4999 out of every 5000 babies in South Australia do not die from SIDS. Although SIDS is the most common cause in Australia of death for babies between 1 month and 12 months old, but it is still rare. (NCHS, 1992 p. 44) Causes of SIDS: While there are still no adequate medical explanations for SIDS deaths, current theories include: (1) Stress in a normal baby caused by infection or other factors (2) A birth defect (3)